Germany.

Election figures are dated snapshots. Statutory chamber membership and the current electoral-system description come from the chamber profile; they may differ from seats contested at an earlier election. A largest-party result does not establish the governing coalition.

Source note: Note on the 2023 amendments to electoral law In accordance with the law (published in June 2023) amending the Federal Elections Act, the number of members in the Bundestag is limited to 630. Although the statutory number was 598, the 2021 legislature had a total of 736 members. The new statutory number was first applied at the 2025 elections. The number of constituencies remains at 299. Each voter casts two votes, as before. The first vote is for the constituency (under a majority system), and the second vote for the state lists (under a proportional representation system). The results of the second vote determine the proportional composition of the Bundestag, based on the share of votes received by political parties. Parties that exceed 5% of the national vote or that win three constituencies are entitled to seats. Seats are first allocated to candidates who receive a relative majority in one of the 299 constituencies. The remaining seats are filled according to the order of the party lists. In contrast to the previous system, constituency seats are distributed only up to the share of seats to which the party is entitled according to its share of the second votes. If a party wins more constituency seats than it is entitled to according to its second vote share, the constituency candidates with the lowest share of votes for that party will not receive a seat. In the 2025 Bundestag elections, candidates in 23 constituencies did not receive a seat due to this new mechanism.

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