India

1951–2019 parliamentary data: Indian Elections Data (opens in a new tab), a compiled dataset based on ECI material and other transcriptions, released by its maintainer under CC0. The maintainer notes gaps, normalised names and potential errors. Election years describe the year of voting, including delayed polls.

2024 parliamentary and recent state assembly files: India Votes Data (opens in a new tab), derived from ECI results; repository software is MIT licensed. ECI statistical reports (opens in a new tab) are the primary source for verification. PolityIQ is independent and is not affiliated with the ECI.

Additional assembly election results: ECI Assembly Results Archive, compiled from several historical and contemporary sources; imported elections are checked for obvious malformed records but not independently certified. By-elections are excluded from general-election records.

Puducherry 2021 (previous winner-only reference): Directorate of Economics and Statistics, Puducherry, 2021 election table. That reference lists only the winner and party; the more complete candidate file is now used for 2021.

Four previously missing races were repaired from external election reports with winner-only records; their candidate lists are marked incomplete. Data may omit candidates or uncontested contests and has not been independently reconciled against every ECI report. Candidates are ranked by the votes recorded in the imported file; this is not a certified declaration. In early multi-member constituencies the highest vote-getter is not necessarily the only winner. Empty or unavailable vote counts are never counted as zero.

The map uses the DataMeet 2019 parliamentary layer for 2009–2024 where boundaries can be matched; 2024 Assam, Jammu & Kashmir and Ladakh use approximate replacement boundaries from Shijith P. K., who dedicates their work under the Unlicense; geometries were simplified and reprojected. The 2024 Jammu and Kashmir assembly and the neutral northern outline use the same supplemental source. The uploaded 2019 symbol catalogue was used for historical reference; registered and recognised parties, allotments and symbols change over time. Assembly layers are simplified reference geometries supplied from India constituency maps; geometries originate from third-party sources and are not independently certified. Gujarat has one missing polygon, the 2026 Assam assembly layer is derived from the ECI 2026 boundaries collection, with four constituency names normalized using constituency numbers; other post-2023 Assam elections are not mapped, and other errors may remain. Pre-2009 assembly maps are not yet enabled. Symbol files: BJP election symbol and Congress hand, NROER/ECI and Furfur; AITC symbol, Superbenjamin. These files are provided under CC BY-SA 3.0; unchanged. Additional symbols: Cycle and Rising Sun by Abilngeorge, and CPI(M) symbol, each under CC BY-SA 4.0, unchanged. Additional artwork: BSP elephant, Furfur; YSRCP fan, Jagan4people and Furfur; CPI symbol, Furfur; AAP broom, Bajaj; JD(U) arrow, Abilngeorge. These images are CC BY-SA 3.0, unchanged. BJD symbol, VNC200, CC BY-SA 4.0, unchanged; NCP clock is marked public domain. TDP uses the existing bicycle image. Source for BJP and Congress artwork: NROER/NCERT. Candidate photographs, party symbols, government formation, by-elections and leader terms are not yet comprehensively sourced.